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Women's Health and Education Center (WHEC)

Gynecology

List of Articles

  • Hormonal Contraception: The Challenges Ahead
    For many women, safe and effective hormonal contraception is a mainstay of successful pregnancy planning and a source of important non-contraceptive benefits. Several new formulations and delivery systems for hormonal contraception offer long-term, non-daily, reversible alternatives to daily oral regimes. The availability of these new products and the continued viability of the older hormonal and non-hormonal methods allow physicians to individualize therapy according to patients' needs and preferences. The purpose of this document to summarize both technical and programmatic aspects of hormonal contraceptive use. The methods of hormonal contraception are discussed in order of efficacy from highest to lowest. We hope to help healthcare providers in clinical decision making regarding hormonal contraception use in their population and to identify and discourage the unnecessary practices, tests and procedures. Facilitating contraceptive use and reducing barriers to contraceptive provision are also discussed. The public is often aware of the risks of hormonal contraceptives that are all-too-often described by sensational reports in media; these drugs remain among the most studied products on the market, helping millions of women worldwide to safely and effectively prevent unintended or unplanned pregnancy.

  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines: A Reproductive Health Perspective
    New vaccines designed to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have the potential to reduce the incidence of serious illness and death worldwide among women, substantially reduce emotional suffering associated with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results and the diagnosis of cervical cancer, and save significant healthcare dollars. HPV vaccines are expected to significantly reduce HPV-associated morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to review some of the barriers to HPV vaccine acceptance, with a particular focus on factors relevant to female patients, parents, and healthcare providers. It also explores avenues for service delivery of HPV vaccines and critical information gap that must be bridged in order to inform future sexual and reproductive health programming. It proposes the role that the sexual reproductive health community, together with immunization and cancer control programs, could have in supporting the introduction of HPV vaccines within the context of current health systems. The benefits of HPV vaccine may not be fully realized until the vaccine is accepted by patients, parents, and healthcare practitioners. Furthermore, there may be unique issues related to the acceptance of a vaccine designed to prevent a sexually transmitted infection that is poorly understood by many women.

  • Adolescent Health Care
    Adolescent is a time of psychosocial, cognitive, and physical development as young people make the transition from childhood to adulthood. The Women's Health and Education Center (WHEC) believes healthcare professionals have an obligation to provide the best possible care to respond to the needs of their adolescent patients. The delivery of preventive services to adolescents differs from the delivery of preventive services to adults. Furthermore, not all adolescents of the same age are at the same stage of development, thus necessitating further examination of adolescent's physical, sexual, psychosocial, and cognitive development. Understanding the milestones and developmental stages of adolescence is beneficial to obstetricians and gynecologists treating adolescents. Comprehensive services may be delivered to adolescents in a variety of sites, including schools, physician offices, and community-based and other health care facilities. Legal barriers that restrict the freedom of healthcare practitioners to provide these services are also discussed.

  • Infertility: Evaluation & Management
    An estimated 10% to 15% of couples who want to have a child have difficulty conceiving. At least 6.2 million couples in USA are infertile. Some experts place that number closer to 8 million. It is clear that infertility is an immense problem, not only because of the vast number of people affected, but also because of the heartache they suffer and the costs incurred by the healthcare system. The purpose of this document is to provide the understanding of evaluation of infertile couple and strategies for the management of infertility. One of the main challenges before us today is matching the right patient with the right intervention. Fertility decreases with age, especially in women; therefore the common practice of delaying childbearing for a variety of economic and social reasons has probably added to number of couples who are unable to conceive naturally. The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases that can damage reproductive structures in both men and women has risen significantly. Fortunately, we have more resources than ever for investigating the causes of infertility and then treating the condition effectively.

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