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Women's Health and Education Center (WHEC)

Obstetrical Fistulae

List of Articles

  • Managing Vesico-vaginal Fistula
    Of the various uro-genital fistulas previously described, the vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) is the most common due to its relationship to various obstetric and gynecologic risk factors. However, presentation and prognosis can be variable depending on the location, size, and coexisting factors associated with fistula formation. Fortunately, the diagnosis and surgical management of vesico-vaginal fistulas is associated with high cure rates if performed by trained gynecologic surgeons.

  • Psychosocial Impact of Incontinence
    Loss of control of urine, gas and stool can have a significant impact on the social well-being of affected women. It is a social and hygienic problem and leads to social distress. Urinary and fecal incontinence and related psychosocial distress constitute a spectrum related to the actual severity of the loss of control and to the woman's perception of her disability. Great stigma and shame is associated with urinary and fecal incontinence. The purpose of this document is to provide a better understanding of this devastating situation and provide management. Forums and management guidelines hope to provide the incentive for social and psychological programs to help women who are unfortunate victims of the situation.

  • Vesico-Vaginal Fistula: The Need for Safe Motherhood Practices in India
    The social consequences of ostracism take an enormous toll on affected women; divorce is common, and depression and suicide may follow. Many women are unaware that the condition is treatable, and are prevented from learning about appropriate care by severe social isolation as a result of their incontinence. In the first half of the twentieth century, obstetricians in India considered Vesico-Vaginal Fistula (VVF) as a hopeless condition.

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